The search for alien life has entered a new phase, thanks to advances in exoplanet atmospheric analysis. Scientists are now studying the gases around planets outside our solar system to look for signs of habitability and biosignatures.
When a planet passes in front of its star, telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope can analyze the starlight that filters through its atmosphere. This technique, called transit spectroscopy, helps detect the presence of gases like oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide, or water vapor.
Certain combinations of these gases might indicate biological processes. For instance, oxygen and methane together—if not from volcanic activity—could hint at microbial life.
While we haven’t found definitive signs of life yet, thousands of exoplanets are being studied. Some orbit within the “habitable zone” where liquid water could exist, increasing the chances of finding a life-supporting world.
Exoplanet science brings us closer to answering one of humanity’s oldest questions: Are we alone in the universe?
